Square Matrix :
Any matrix that has equal number of rows and columns is called square matrix. E.g: 2x2, 3x3 matrix.
2x2 Square Matrix
3x3 Square Matrix
a11
a12
a21
a22
2 rows & 2 columns
b11
b12
b13
b21
b22
b23
b31
b32
b33
3 rows & 3 columns
Diagonal Matrix :
A Diagonal matrix is a square matrix with numbers on the leading diagonal
and zeros in all other places.
Diagonal Matrix
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
8
Identity Matrix :
An identity matrix is a square matrix denoted as I. It has ones (1) down the leading diagonal and zeros in all other places.
2x2 identity
3x3 identity
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
Note: Any matrix multiplied by its identity matrix leaves the matrix unchanged.
It is similar to multiplying a number by 1.
i.e AI = A (where A is a matrix)
2
2
5
3
x
1
0
0
1
=
2
2
5
3
Zero (Null) Matrix :
A zero or null matrix is a matrix with 0 as the element for all its cells (rows and columns).
Zero (null) Matrix
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Symmetric Matrix :
A symmetric matrix is a matrix where aij = aji. i.e an element at the ith row, jth columns should be equal to the element at the jth row, ith columns.
Symmetric Matrix
1
2
3
2
4
5
3
5
6
Equality Matrix :
For any two matrices to be said as equal matrices they should be of same size and have same values.
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