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Vanadium Element Properties, Transition metals Group, Periodic Table of the Elements

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Vanadium

Vanadium Element Properties

d22
Ti
Titanium
d23
V
Vanadium
d24
Cr
Chromium
General
NameVanadium
SymbolV
Number23
Group Number5
GroupTransition metals
Blockd
Density5.8 g/cm3
Atomic Weight50.9415 g/mol
Atomic Volume8.78 cm3/mol
Discover1830


States
StateSolid
Melting Point2183 K
Boiling Point1910 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion21.5 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization459 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy650.3 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1413.5 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy2828 kJ/mole
Electronegativity1.63
Electron Affinity50.7 kJ/mole
Specific Heat0.49 J/gK
Heat Atomization514 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,11,2
Electron Configuration[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Minimum Oxidation Number-1
Maximum Oxidation Number5
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number5


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurecubic body centered
Characteristicssoft
Colorbright white
Usestool steel, V2O5 catalyst
Hardnessmohs
ToxicityYes


Reactions
Reaction with Airmild, w/ht =>V2O5, VN
Reaction with 6M HClNone
Reaction with 15M HNO3mild
Reaction with 6M NaOHNone


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes2
HydrideVH VH2
OxideVO V2O3 VO2 V2O5
ChlorideVCl2 VCl3 VCl4


Radius
Atomic Radius134 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)93 pm
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)78 pm


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity30.7 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity39.37 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability12.4 A3


Abundance
SourceU, Pb vanadates (misc)
Relation Abundance Solar System2.467 log
Abundance Earth's Crust2.1 log


d22
Ti
Titanium
d23
V
Vanadium
d24
Cr
Chromium




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