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Scandium Element Properties, Transition metals Group, Periodic Table of the Elements

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Scandium

Scandium Element Properties

s20
Ca
Calcium
d21
Sc
Scandium
d22
Ti
Titanium
General
NameScandium
SymbolSc
Number21
Group Number3
GroupTransition metals
Blockd
Density3.0 g/cm3
Atomic Weight44.9559 g/mol
Atomic Volume15.0 cm3/mol
Discover1879


States
StateSolid
Melting Point1814 K
Boiling Point3109 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion14.1 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization332.7 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy631 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1235 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy2389 kJ/mole
Electronegativity1.36
Electron Affinity18.1 kJ/mole
Specific Heat0.6 J/gK
Heat Atomization378 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,9,2
Electron Configuration[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Minimum Oxidation Number0
Maximum Oxidation Number3
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number3


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurehexagonal
Characteristicssoft
Colorsilvery-white
Usesno significant uses
Hardnessmohs
ToxicityNone


Reactions
Reaction with Airvigorous, =>Sc2O3
Reaction with 6M HClmild, =>H2, ScCl3
Reaction with 15M HNO3mild, =>Sc(NO3)3
Reaction with 6M NaOHNone


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes1
HydrideScH2 ScH3
OxideSc2O3
ChlorideScCl3


Radius
Atomic Radius162 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)88.5 pm


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity15.8 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity19.2 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability17.8 A3


Abundance
SourceU extractn by-product
Relation Abundance Solar System1.534 log
Abundance Earth's Crust1.3 log


s20
Ca
Calcium
d21
Sc
Scandium
d22
Ti
Titanium




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