 |
| General |
| Name | Manganese |
| Symbol | Mn |
| Number | 25 |
| Group Number | 7 |
| Group | Transition metals |
| Block | d |
| Density | 7.43 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 54.9380 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 1.39 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1774 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 1519 K |
| Boiling Point | 2334 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 12.91 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 221 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 717.4 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1509 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 3248.3 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.55 |
| Electron Affinity | Nil |
| Specific Heat | 0.48 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 281 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,13,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | -3 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 7 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 7 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | cubic A12 |
| Characteristics | hard, brittle |
| Color | gray-white |
| Uses | steel, dry cells(MnO2) |
| Hardness | 5 mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | mild, w/ht =>Mn3O4, Mn3N2 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | mild, =>H2, MnCl2 |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | mild, =>Mn(NO3)2, NOx |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 1 |
| Hydride | None |
| Oxide | MnO Mn3O4 Mn2O3 MnO2 Mn2O7 |
| Chloride | MnCl2 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 127 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | 89 pm |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 75.3 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 7.81 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 5.405 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 9.4 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Pyrolusite,psilomelane(oxide) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 3.980 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 3 log |
|
