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Lithium Element Properties, Alkali Metals Group, Periodic Table of the Elements

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Lithium

Lithium Element Properties

s2
He
Helium
s3
Li
Lithium
s4
Be
Beryllium
General
NameLithium
SymbolLi
Number3
Group Number1
GroupAlkali Metals
Blocks
Density0.53 g/cm3
Atomic Weight6.94 g/mol
Atomic Volume13.10 cm3/mol
Discover1817


States
StateSolid
Melting Point453.69 K
Boiling Point1615 K
Triple PointNil
Critical Point3223 K
Heat of Fusion3.00 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization147.1 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy520.2 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy7394.4 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy11814.6 kJ/mole
Electronegativity0.98
Electron Affinity59.63 kJ/mole
Specific Heat3.6 J/gK
Heat Atomization161 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,1
Electron Configuration1s22s1
Minimum Oxidation Number-1
Maximum Oxidation Number1
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number1


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurebody centered cubic
Characteristics soft, lightest solid
Colorsilvery
Usesbatteries, lubricant
Hardness0.6 mohs
ToxicityNone


Reactions
Reaction with Airvigorous, =>Li2O
Reaction with 6M HClvigorous, =>H2, LiCl
Reaction with 15M HNO3vigorous, =>LiNO3
Reaction with 6M NaOHmild, =>H2, LiOH


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes2
HydrideLiH
OxideLi2O
ChlorideLiCl


Radius
Atomic Radius152 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion) 90 pm
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)Nil


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity84.8 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity107.8 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability 24.3 A3


Abundance
SourceSpodumene (silicate)
Relation Abundance Solar System1.757 log
Abundance Earth's Crust1.3 log


s2
He
Helium
s3
Li
Lithium
s4
Be
Beryllium




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