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Gold Element Properties, Transition metals Group, Periodic Table of the Elements

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Gold

Gold Element Properties

d78
Pt
Platinum
d79
Au
Gold
d80
Hg
mercury
General
NameGold
SymbolAu
Number79
Group Number11
GroupTransition metals
Blockd
Density19.32 g/cm3
Atomic Weight196.9665 g/mol
Atomic Volume10.2 cm3/mol
Discover0


States
StateSolid
Melting Point1337.33 K
Boiling Point3129 K
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion12.55 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization324 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy890.1 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy1980 kJ/mole
Third Ionization EnergyNil
Electronegativity2.54
Electron Affinity222.752 kJ/mole
Specific Heat0.128 J/gK
Heat Atomization366 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,8,18,32,18,1
Electron Configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Minimum Oxidation Number-1
Maximum Oxidation Number5
Minimum Common Oxidation Number0
Maximum Common Oxidation Number3


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurecubic face centered
CharacteristicsInert, ductile malleable
Colorgolden yellow
Usesjewelry, electronics
Hardness2.75 mohs
ToxicityNone


Reactions
Reaction with AirNone
Reaction with 6M HClNone
Reaction with 15M HNO3None
Reaction with 6M NaOHNone


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes1
HydrideNone
OxideAu2O3
ChlorideAuCl AuCl3


Radius
Atomic Radius144 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)151 pm
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)99 pm


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity318 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity446.4 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability6.1 A3


Abundance
SourceGold, gold bearing rock (misc)
Relation Abundance Solar System-0.728 log
Abundance Earth's Crust-2.4 log


d78
Pt
Platinum
d79
Au
Gold
d80
Hg
mercury




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