 |
| General |
| Name | Gadolinium |
| Symbol | Gd |
| Number | 64 |
| Group Number | NA |
| Group | Rare Earth, Lanthanides |
| Block | f |
| Density | 7.895 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 157.25 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 19.9 cm3/mol |
| Discover | 1880 |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 1585 K |
| Boiling Point | 3546 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 10.05 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 301.3 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 592.6 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1167 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 1991 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.17 |
| Electron Affinity | 50 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.23 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 398 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,18,25,9,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 3 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 3 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | hexagonal |
| Characteristics | None |
| Color | silvery-white |
| Uses | alloys, CD disk |
| Hardness | Nil |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | vigorous, =>Gd2O3 |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | mild, =>H2, GdCl3 |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | mild, =>Gd(NO3)3 |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 7 |
| Hydride | GdH2 GdH3 |
| Oxide | Gd2O3 |
| Chloride | GdCl3 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 180 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 107.8 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 10.5 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 7.9 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 23.5 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Monazite(phosphate),bastnaesite |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | -0.481 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 0.7 log |
|
