 |
| General |
| Name | Copper |
| Symbol | Cu |
| Number | 29 |
| Group Number | 11 |
| Group | Transition metals |
| Block | d |
| Density | 8.96 g/cm3 |
| Atomic Weight | 63.546 g/mol |
| Atomic Volume | 7.1 cm3/mol |
| Discover | None |
|
| States |
| State | Solid |
| Melting Point | 1357.77 K |
| Boiling Point | 2835 K |
| Triple Point | Nil |
| Critical Point | Nil |
| Heat of Fusion | 13.26 kJ/mol |
| Heat of Vaporization | 300.4 kJ/mol |
|
| Energies |
| First Ionization Energy | 745.4 kJ/mole |
| Second Ionization Energy | 1957.9 kJ/mole |
| Third Ionization Energy | 3553.5 kJ/mole |
| Electronegativity | 1.95 |
| Electron Affinity | 118.5 kJ/mole |
| Specific Heat | 0.38 J/gK |
| Heat Atomization | 338 kJ/mole atoms |
|
| Oxidation and Electrons |
| Shells | 2,8,18,1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
| Minimum Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Oxidation Number | 4 |
| Minimum Common Oxidation Number | 0 |
| Maximum Common Oxidation Number | 2 |
|
| Appearance and Characteristics |
| Crystal Structure | face centered cubic |
| Characteristics | soft, ductile |
| Color | orange-red |
| Uses | wire, bronze, coins |
| Hardness | 2.75 mohs |
| Toxicity | None |
|
| Reactions |
| Reaction with Air | mild, w/ht =>CuO, Cu2O |
| Reaction with 6M HCl | None |
| Reaction with 15M HNO3 | mild, =>Cu(NO3)2, NOx |
| Reaction with 6M NaOH | None |
|
| Other Forms |
| Number of Isotopes | 2 |
| Hydride | CuH |
| Oxide | Cu2O CuO |
| Chloride | CuCl CuCl2 |
|
| Radius |
| Atomic Radius | 128 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1+ ion) | 91 pm |
| Ionic Radius (1- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (2+ ion) | 87 pm |
| Ionic Radius (2- ion) | Nil |
| Ionic Radius (3+ ion) | 68 pm |
|
| Conductivity |
| Thermal Conductivity | 401 J/m-sec-deg |
| Electrical Conductivity | 595.8 1/mohm-cm |
| Polarizability | 6.7 A3 |
|
| Abundance |
| Source | Cu pyrite,chalcocite(sulfide) |
| Relation Abundance Solar System | 2.718 log |
| Abundance Earth's Crust | 1.7 log |
|
