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Carbon Element Properties, Non-Metal, Carbon group Group, Periodic Table of the Elements

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Carbon

Carbon Element Properties

p5
B
Boron
p6
C
Carbon
p7
N
Nitrogen
General
NameCarbon
SymbolC
Number6
Group Number14
GroupNon-Metal, Carbon group
Blockp
Density2.62 g/cm3
Atomic Weight12.011 g/mol
Atomic Volume4.58 cm3/mol
DiscoverNil


States
StateSolid
Melting Point3823.2 K
Boiling PointNil
Triple PointNil
Critical PointNil
Heat of Fusion100 kJ/mol(Graphite)
Heat of Vaporization715 kJ/mol


Energies
First Ionization Energy1086.4 kJ/mole
Second Ionization Energy2352.6 kJ/mole
Third Ionization Energy4620.4 kJ/mole
Electronegativity2.55
Electron Affinity121.85 kJ/mole
Specific Heat0.71 J/gK
Heat Atomization717 kJ/mole atoms


Oxidation and Electrons
Shells2,4
Electron Configuration1s2 2s2 2p2
Minimum Oxidation Number-4
Maximum Oxidation Number4
Minimum Common Oxidation Number-4
Maximum Common Oxidation Number4


Appearance and Characteristics
Crystal Structurehexagonal
Characteristics6 forms: graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene
Colorblack
Usesfuel(coal), lubricant
Hardness0.8 mohs
ToxicityNone


Reactions
Reaction with Airvigorous, =>CO2
Reaction with 6M HClNone
Reaction with 15M HNO3mild,w/ht=>C6(COOH)6
Reaction with 6M NaOHNone


Other Forms
Number of Isotopes3
HydrideCH4 and many CxHy
OxideCO CO2
ChlorideCCl4


Radius
Atomic Radius77.2 pm
Ionic Radius (1+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (1- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2+ ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (2- ion)Nil
Ionic Radius (3+ ion)Nil


Conductivity
Thermal Conductivity1.59 J/m-sec-deg
Electrical Conductivity0.727 1/mohm-cm
Polarizability1.8 A3


Abundance
SourceCoal, Petroleum, Natural gas
Relation Abundance Solar System7.004 log
Abundance Earth's Crust2.3 log


p5
B
Boron
p6
C
Carbon
p7
N
Nitrogen




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