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Chemistry: Acids and Bases
An acid is a solution that has an excess of hydrogen(H+) ions.
A base is a solution that has an excess of hydroxide(OH-) ions.
Another word for base is alkali. The strength of an acid or base can be either strong or weak.
* An acid that has a very low pH (0-4) are known as Strong acids.
* A base that has a very high pH (10-14) are known as Strong bases.
* An acid that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution are known as Weak acids.
* A base that only partially ionizes in an aqueous solution are known as Weak bases.
Chemistry: Acids and Bases
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The table shows about the strength of Acids and Bases and their formula.
| Acid/base | Type | Formula |
| Acetic acid | Weak acid | CH3COOH |
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| Formic acid | Weak acid | HCOOH |
| Hydrofluoric acid | Weak acid | HF |
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| Hydrogen sulfide | Weak acid | H2S |
| Nitric acid | Strong acid | HNO3 |
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| Hydrochloric acid | Strong acid | HCl |
| Hydroiodic acid | Strong acid | Hl |
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| Perchloric acid | Strong acid | HClO4 |
| Ammonia | Weak base | NH3 |
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| pyridine | Weak base | C5H5N |
| Ammonium hydroxide | Weak base | NH4OH |
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| Lithium hydroxide | Strong Base | LiOH |
| Potassium hydroxide | Strong base | KOH |
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| Calcium hydroxide | Strong Base | Ca(OH)2 |
| Barium hydroxide | Strong Base | Ba(OH)2 |
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